doi: 10.1007/s00203-010-0609–601. Annu. Evol. Co-cultured seedlings were harvested and mounted on slides prior to imaging with a Zeiss LSM710 confocal laser scanning microscope. Syst. Tang, Y. W., and Bonner, J. 52, 195–204. Biopolymers 77, 212–221. In contrast, these bands are less prominent in the ΔcrtB mutant. YR343. Differential involvement of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness of Erwinia herbicola pv. Based on phylogeny, Pantoea sp. Biol. Surprisingly, we observed a decrease in IAA production by the ΔcrtB mutant. 11, 634–642. YR343, we constructed a mutant in which the crtB gene encoding phytoene synthase was deleted. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Amellal, N., Burtin, G., Bartoli, F., and Heulin, T. (1998). YR343 readily colonizes plant roots and does not appear to be pathogenic when applied to the leaves or roots of selected plant hosts. doi: 10.1007/s13213-010-0117–111, Herrera, C. M., Koutsoudis, M. D., Wang, X., and von Bodman, S. B. In addition, Pantoea sp. Bacterial blight and dieback of Eucalyptus species, hybrids, and clones in South Africa. Mol. The laser radiation was delivered via a single mode optical fiber through a dichroic beam splitter into the microscope objective and focused to a diffraction limited spot size on the surface of the sample. The pigments extracted from wild type cells showed a spectra consistent with zeaxanthin as has been described for other Pantoea strains (Hundle et al., 1991; Mohammadi et al., 2012). Res. 192, 2936–2937. Microbiology 140(Pt 2), 331–339. Due to the observation that the ΔcrtB mutant is impaired in biofilm formation and IAA production, we speculated that this mutant may also be affected in root colonization. Photosynth. Annu. La formation doit permettre la réalisation d’activités centrées sur l’analyse des solutions existantes, ainsi que sur la conception et la définition de produits industriels. Phylogenetic tree of Pantoea sp. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00933.x, O’Toole, G. A., and Kolter, R. (1998). Mol Plant Microbe Interact 25, 139–150. (B) LB plates streaked with wild type Pantoea sp. Rev. Populus deltoides WV94 cuttings were grown under sterile conditions in magenta boxes and exposed to Pantoea sp. Different species within the Pantoea genera have been shown to be either beneficial or harmful in association with plants (Walterson and Stavrinides, 2015). Plant Microbe Interact. No evidence of lesions was observed on the leaves for 21 days following exposure to Pantoea sp. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02410.x, Edge, R., McGarvey, D. J., and Truscott, T. G. (1997). (1998). Gruszecki, W. I. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4173(87)80008–80003, Cogdell, R. J., Howard, T. D., Bittl, R., Schlodder, E., Geisenheimer, I., and Lubitz, W. (2000). Finally, the loss of carotenoids may affect the ability of Pantoea sp. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 seeds were germinated and grown, as previously described (Wang et al., 2005). 28, 991–998. JM-F and AB wrote the paper. (2005). stewartii. Comparisons of growth in liquid cultures between wild type and the ΔcrtB mutant showed that the growth rates were very similar when cells were grown in LB or R2A medium (data not shown), but that the ΔcrtB mutant reached stationary phase at a lower cell density compared to wild type cells when grown in M9 minimal medium (Figure 5A). YR343 on Populus deltoides WV94 growth. (A) Top, genomic structure of operon regulating carotenoid production. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90228-4, Hundle, B. S., Beyer, P., Kleinig, H., Englert, G., and Hearst, J. E. (1991). Bioessays 28, 1091–1101. Functional genomics analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial traits involved in rhizosphere competence. (2010). PLoS ONE 8:e76382. For example, the ability of microbes to influence root development via biosynthesis of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is well documented and multiple pathways for microbial IAA production have been described (Spaepen et al., 2007). 54, 89–93. YR343 exopolysaccharides was detected by inoculating 200 μl of an overnight culture into a glass-bottom dish containing 5 ml of R2A and grown statically at 25°C for 72 h. After incubation, the culture was stained with a solution of Calcofluor White (5 μg ml-1) (Sigma–Aldrich), and 5 μM SYTO61 (Life Technologies). We next examined the ability of wild type and ΔcrtB cells to form biofilms using two different formats: biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces using 96-well plates with breathable tape, and biofilm formation at the air-liquid interface (pellicles) using glass test tubes. 15, 473–497. Microbiol., 18 April 2016
Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. (Berlin: Springer), 674–675. (2009). YR343 wild type and ΔcrtB mutants was also examined using microscopy. Critical protective role of bacterial superoxide dismutase in rhizobium-legume symbiosis. 7:491. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00491. J. Syst. Effect of wild type Pantoea sp. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-18–0385, Wasim, M., Bible, A. N., Xie, Z., and Alexandre, G. (2009). Biophys. doi: 10.1094/Mpmi.1998.11.7.634, Merlin, J. C. (1985). We then compared production of indolic compounds, including IAA, in Pantoea sp. 13, 561–587. YR343 and the ΔcrtB mutant when grown in the presence of tryptophan. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90140-y, Rodriguez, H., and Fraga, R. (1999). doi: 10.1094/Phyto.03.10.0097. doi: 10.1080/10408410490468786, Spaepen, S., Vanderleyden, J., and Remans, R. (2007). Funct. Furthermore, in contrast to the viability assays which show a precipitous decrease in viability only at higher concentrations of 5–10 mM H2O2, the Raman spectra in Figure 4F clearly show progressive loss of carotenoid-related peaks beginning at H2O2 concentrations as low as 1 mM. (2013). For soil samples, 1 g of soil was mixed with 4 ml of PBS, then vortexed and plated similarly. In this experiment, the mutant cells tended to settle at the bottom of the tube rather than form a biofilm at the air-liquid interface like wild type cells. Lett. (1947). Loss of carotenoids affects biofilm formation and root colonization.